Capsicum is a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family that includes a wide range of chili peppers. The species within the Capsicum genus are classified into five subspecies:
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Capsicum annuum: This subspecies includes many of the most common types of chili peppers, including bell peppers, jalapeno peppers, and cayenne peppers.
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Capsicum baccatum: This subspecies includes chili peppers that are native to South America, such as the aji pepper and the South American rocoto pepper.
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Capsicum chinense: This subspecies includes some of the hottest chili peppers in the world, such as the habanero pepper and the Scotch bonnet pepper.
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Capsicum frutescens: This subspecies includes chili peppers that are native to Central and South America, such as the tabasco pepper and the Thai chili pepper.
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Capsicum pubescens: This subspecies includes chili peppers that are native to South America, such as the rocoto pepper and the manzano pepper.
Overall, there are many different types of chili peppers that belong to the Capsicum genus, and they vary widely in their appearance, flavor, and heat level.